Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of A Hybrid Solar Power System for The Kakatua Laboratory Building Using Helioscope Simulation

Heru Sugiarto; Maulana Hardi

doi:10.29017/scog.v49i4.2134

Authors

Heru Sugiarto PT. Pertamina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0912-4582
Maulana Hardi PT. Pertamina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29017/scog.v49i4.2134

Keywords:

hybrid PV–battery system, HelioScope, techno-economic assessment, CO2 emission reduction, oil and gas laboratory

Abstract

This study evaluates a 12.60 kWp hybrid photovoltaic (PV)–battery system for the oil and gas laboratory in the Kakatua Building, Minas, Riau, using HelioScope. The system combines 18 N-type 700 W modules, a 10 kW hybrid inverter, and a 12.8 kWh/7.68 kW lithium iron phosphate battery supplying a 5.94 kW critical-load subset of the 8.81 kW load. The first-year AC yield is 17,546.9 kWh, giving a specific yield of 1,392.6 kWh/kWp, a performance ratio of 79.8%, and a capacity factor of 15.9%. Battery autonomy is 1.8 h at the nameplate critical load and 3.6 h at duty-weighted demand. For an investment of Rp 274.3 million and first-year savings of Rp 25.35 million, the simple payback period is 12.1 years. At a 10% discount rate and 5% annual tariff escalation over 25 years, the net present value (NPV) is −Rp 9.4 million, the internal rate of return (IRR) 9.6%, the benefit–cost ratio 0.97, and the discounted levelized cost of electricity Rp 2,229/kWh. PV alone is viable (NPV Rp 122.0 million; IRR 16.5%), so the battery is justified by power continuity rather than energy savings. The system avoids 14.62 t CO₂ in the first year and about 346 t over 25 years.

References

Aryanto, J. S., & Husodo, B. Y. (2025). Analisis perbandingan panel surya P-Type dan N-Type untuk PLTS atap pabrik karton menggunakan PVsyst. Jurnal Teknologi Elektro, 16(2), 119. https://doi.org/10.22441/jte.2025.v16i2.008

Chen, Y., Chen, H., Zhang, S., Wang, L., Liu, C., Chen, D., Xu, J., Altermatt, P., Feng, Z., & Verlinden, P. (2023). 690 WP N-type i-TOPCon modules in mass production with >25% efficiency solar cells based on large-area 210 mm wafers. In 2023 IEEE 50th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) (pp. 1–1). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48320.2023.10359700

Djalal, M. R., Marhatang, M., Syahimullah, A. D., & Syamsul, V. A. (2026). Optimalisasi desain PLTS hybrid untuk efisiensi energi pada gedung teknologi rekayasa energi terbarukan. Jurnal Teknik Mesin Sinergi, 23(2), 314–320. https://doi.org/10.31963/sinergi.v23i2.5869

Ebhota, W. S., & Tabakov, P. Y. (2023). Assessment of solar photovoltaic potential of selected site locations in cities across sub-Saharan Africa. Energy Systems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12667-023-00625-9

Fadhilah, F., & Hendrati, R. (2025). Analysis of CO2 absorption and O2 production potential from shade trees, Indonesia case study: Pesakih Public Housing. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1488(1), 012005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1488/1/012005

Haq, I. N., Pradipta, J., Sheba, M. R. S., Persada, A. W. D., Soelami, F. N., & Leksono, E. (2021). Simulasi energi dan keekonomian sistem pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) untuk fungsi peak load shaving pada bangunan di lingkungan kampus ITB. Journal of Science and Applicative Technology, 5(1), 179. https://doi.org/10.35472/jsat.v5i1.449

Harianto, B., & Karjadi, M. (2025). Kombinasi panel surya dan generator konvensional untuk pemenuhan beban listrik. Ranah Research: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 7(4), 3011–3019. https://doi.org/10.38035/rrj.v7i4.1578

Hesse, H., Martins, R., Musilek, P., Naumann, M., Truong, C., & Jossen, A. (2017). Economic optimization of component sizing for residential battery storage systems. Energies, 10(7), 835. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10070835

Hidayat, K., Hasani, M. C., Mardiyah, N. A., & Effendy, M. (2021). Strategi pengisian baterai pada sistem panel surya standalone berbasis kontrol PI multi-loop. Jurnal Teknik Elektro, 13(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.15294/jte.v13i1.29765

Karuniawan, E. A. (2021). Analisis perangkat lunak PVSYST, PVSOL dan HelioScope dalam simulasi fixed tilt photovoltaic. Jurnal Teknologi Elektro, 12(3), 100. https://doi.org/10.22441/jte.2021.v12i3.001

Kumar, J., Parhyar, N. R., Panjwani, M. K., & Khan, D. (2021). Design and performance analysis of PV grid-tied system with energy storage system. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 11(2), 1077–1085. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1077-1085

Lai, C. S., & McCulloch, M. D. (2017). Levelized cost of electricity for solar photovoltaic and electrical energy storage. Applied Energy, 190, 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.153

Liu, J., Chen, X., Cao, S., & Yang, H. (2019). Overview on hybrid solar photovoltaic-electrical energy storage technologies for power supply to buildings. Energy Conversion and Management, 187, 103–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.02.080

Liu, J., Wang, M., Peng, J., Chen, X., Cao, S., & Yang, H. (2020). Techno-economic design optimization of hybrid renewable energy applications for high-rise residential buildings. Energy Conversion and Management, 213, 112868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112868

Magableh, S. K., Dawaghreh, O., Wang, X., & Wang, C. (2025). Assessing the performance and impact of PV technologies on storage in hybrid renewable systems. In 2025 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM) (pp. 1–5). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/pesgm52009.2025.11225803

Mazumder, G. C., Sarker, S. K., Hossain, T., Parvez, M. S., Hazari, M. R., Hossain, C. A., Zishan, M. S. R., & Amin, N. (2024). Integration of multiple simulation tools for photovoltaic system design and analysis. Advances in Technology Innovation, 9(4), 332–346. https://doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2024.13934

Mohammad, L., Istiqomah, A., Tahier, A. R. H., Syamputra, D. N. I., & Roodhiyah, L. Y. (2023). Evaluasi hasil kinerja tekno-ekonomi pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) pada bangunan perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Briliant: Jurnal Riset dan Konseptual, 8(2), 496. https://doi.org/10.28926/briliant.v8i2.1360

Morawski, S. (2025). Design of a hybrid renewable energy installation with energy storage for a selected farm. Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 30(2), 309. https://doi.org/10.46544/ams.v30i2.03

Muhammad, N., Roland, F., & Zainuddin, H. (2023). Fault detection using acceptance ratio analysis on polycrystalline grid-connected photovoltaics system. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 14(2), 1098–1109. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i2.pp1098-1109

Nurdiana, E., Nugroho, M. V., Fikriyadi, Z. A., Mardiansah, F., Dianti, D. V., Utami, D. M. P., Akhmad, K., Margowadi, Y., & Rezavidi, A. (2024). Techno-economic assessment of Bilacenge PV grid system in Southwest Sumba. Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, 15(2), 242–251. https://doi.org/10.55981/j.mev.2024.991

Nurhadi, S., Harijanto, P. S., & Hamzah, M. F. (2025). Optimasi perencanaan pembangkit listrik tenaga surya atap on-grid melalui simulasi PVsyst. Elposys: Jurnal Sistem Kelistrikan, 12(3), 156–161. https://doi.org/10.33795/elposys.v12i3.8676

Priajana, P. G. G., Kumara, I. N. S., & Setiawan, I. N. (2020). Grid tie inverter untuk PLTS atap di Indonesia: Review standar dan inverter yang compliance di pasar domestik. Jurnal SPEKTRUM, 7(2), 62. https://doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2020.v07.i02.p9

Rahmanta, M. A., Syamsuddin, A., Tanbar, F., & Damanik, N. (2023). Analisis perkembangan teknologi modul photovoltaic (PV) untuk meningkatkan penetrasi pusat listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) di Indonesia. Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy, 7(1), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.30588/jo.v7i1.1509

Ramírez, F. J., Honrubia-Escribano, A., Gómez-Lázaro, E., & Pham, D. T. (2017). Combining feed-in tariffs and net-metering schemes to balance development in adoption of photovoltaic energy: Comparative economic assessment and policy implications for European countries. Energy Policy, 102, 440–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.12.040

Republic of Indonesia. (2021). Law No. 7 of 2021 on the Harmonization of Tax Regulations (Undang-Undang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan). Jakarta.

Rosyadi, A. Y., Hartopo, I., Edypoerwa, M. L., & Padmadewi, A. L. (2024). Analisis efisiensi sistem pembangkit listrik tenaga surya on-grid 151 kWp untuk industri di Cikarang. JTERA (Jurnal Teknologi Rekayasa), 9(2), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.31544/jtera.v9.i2.2024.175-184

Shakoor, A., Nowsherwan, G. A., Aamir, M. F., Ali, A., Rehman, S. U., Alam, W., Yasir, M., Arif, K., Ahmad, M., & Yousaf, J. (2023). Performance evaluation of solar cells by different simulating softwares. In J. Abu-Qahouq (Ed.), Solar PV Panels – Recent Advances and Future Prospects. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111639

Silaban, I. O., Kumara, I. N. S., & Setiawan, I. N. (2021). Perancangan PLTS atap pada gedung kantor bupati Tapanuli Utara dengan arsitektur rumah adat Batak Toba. Jurnal SPEKTRUM, 8(2), 270. https://doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2021.v08.i02.p31

Sinaga, D. H., Pangaribuan, W., Sembiring, M. A. R., & Syahrir, A. H. (2022). Desain sistem cadangan energi listrik menggunakan tenaga surya pada gedung teknik elektro FT – Unimed. Jurnal Insinyur Profesional, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.24114/jip.v2i1.28325

Sudarjo, N. H., Haddin, M., & Suprajitno, A. (2022). Analisa perencanaan pembangkit listrik tenaga surya atap dengan sistem hybrid di PT. Koloni Timur. Elektrika, 14(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.26623/elektrika.v14i1.3784

Sutejo, A. G., Farid, M. N., & Aprillia, H. (2024). Analisis perancangan pembangkit listrik tenaga surya di Gedung Laboratorium Terpadu Institut Teknologi Kalimantan. Jurnal Teknik Elektro dan Komputasi (ELKOM), 6(1), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.32528/elkom.v6i1.8171

Tamoor, M., Hussain, M. I., Bhatti, A. R., Miran, S., Arif, W., Kiren, T., & Lee, G. H. (2022). Investigation of dust pollutants and the impact of suspended particulate matter on the performance of photovoltaic systems. Frontiers in Energy Research, 10, 1017293. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.1017293

Vourdoubas, J. (2020). Possibilities of creating net zero carbon emissions prisons in the island of Crete, Greece. Open Journal of Energy Efficiency, 9(2), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojee.2020.92006

Wibowo, R. S., Penangsang, O., Aryani, N. K., Mukti, P. H., Pamuji, F. A., & Mardiyanto, R. (2023). Implementasi photovoltaic on-grid guna meminimalisir pemadaman listrik bergilir serta jaringan telekomunikasi di Pulau Bawean. Sewagati, 8(1), 1135–1144. https://doi.org/10.12962/j26139960.v8i1.795

Windarta, J., Denis, D., Saptadi, S., Fernanda, K., Rahmana, P. V., & Aryo, W. F. (2022). On-grid and hybrid solar power plants comparability in Semarang city, Indonesia. Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 20(3), 889–899. https://doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-34086

Zulfadli, T., Muliadi, Yassir, Zamzami, & Salahuddin. (2026). Grey wolf optimization-based global MPPT for solar-assisted hybrid energy systems in oil and gas production facilities. Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas, 49(1), 441–457. https://doi.org/10.29017/scog.v49i1.2056