Plagiarism Policy

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their submitted manuscripts are original and free from plagiarism. Prior to submission, authors are encouraged to screen their manuscripts using an appropriate similarity-checking tool. All articles accepted for publication will be rechecked by the editorial team using Turnitin/iThenticate to assess textual similarity. The journal applies a maximum similarity threshold of 25%. Manuscripts that exceed this threshold may be returned to the authors for clarification, revision, or further editorial consideration.