Presence Of Substance

PRESENCE OF SUBSTANCE

As is presented above, presence of substance in a scientific paper generally follows an ’hourglass’ shape starting from Title down to References (or literatures cited) at the end of manuscript. Narrowing of scope characterizes the introductory part (Introduction), staying in its narrow scope while presenting Methods and Results, and broadening in discussion of substance in the Discussion part. More thorough explanation can be found in the following chapter.