Rock Compressibility Characteristics of Oil and Gas Sandstone Reservoirs in the Western Part of Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29017/scog.v48i4.1936Keywords:
Rock compressibility, reservoir sandstones, oil and gas reservoirs, porosity, characteristics, correlationsAbstract
Rock compressibility is one of rocks’ properties that is closely related to their response to changes in effective stresses. Various Earth’s subsurface-related processes involve rock compressibility. In petroleum production, for instance, it provides reservoir energy needed for the process. Studies on rock compressibility for Indonesian reservoirs are very limited. Therefore, a study has been carried out to investigate rock compressibility characteristics of Indonesian reservoir rocks, sandstones in particular. A total of 205 sandstone samples of various types have been collected from 34 oil/gas fields in nine productive sedimentary basins in Indonesia. The samples are prepared and laboratory tested for their basic properties and pore volume compressibility following the universally adopted standard methods. Results of this study indicate unclear trends in the rock property of concern in relation to porosity. However, with careful grouping and cluster analyses, clearer trends representing their intrinsic characteristics can be spotted, and appropriate correlations based on a generalized model can be established. The established correlations of maximum effective rock compressibility versus porosity offer opportunities to understand the characteristics of reservoir sandstone compressibility. Special cautions have been discussed, and special suggestions have also been offered for selecting the most appropriate correlations.
References
Aguilera R. (2008). Effect of Fracture Compressibility on Gas-in-Place Calculations of Stress Sensitive Naturally Fractured Reservoirs. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, April: 307 – 310. DOI: 10.2118/100451-PA.
Baker, R.O., Yarranton, H.W., and Jensen, J.L. (2015) Practical Reservoir Engineering and Characterization. Gulf Professional Publishing, ISBN 978-0-12-801811-8, Elsevier Inc., p: 521.
Bakhtiari, A.H., Moosavi, S.A., Kazemzadeh, E., Goshtasbi, K., Esfahani, M.R., and Vall, J. (2011). The Effect of Rock Types on Pore Volume Compressibility of Limestone and Dolomite Samples. JGeopersia, I (1), pp: 37 – 46. DOI: 10.22059/jgeope.2011.22163.
Betts, W.S., Flemming, P.B., and Schneider, J. (2011). Permeability and Compressibility of Resedimented Gulf of Mexico Mudrock. Paper # MR43A-2133, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting.
Bradley, H.B. (ed) (1987) Petroleum Engineering Handbook. Society of Petroleum Engineers, ISBN: 1555630103 9781555630102, p: 1842.
Cox, D.O., Stinson, .S.H., and Stellavato, J.N. (2000). Well Testing in Ultra High Permeability Formation. SPE Paper #63279, presented at SPE Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition, October 1 – 4, Dallas-TX. DOI: 10.2118/63279-MS.
Dake, L.P. (1978) Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering. Elsevier Science BV, Sara Burgerhartstraat P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands, p: 462.
Das, V., Saxena, N. and Hofmann, R. (2020). Compressibility Prediction Using Digital Thin-section Images of Rocks. Computers and Geoscience 139, pp: 1 – 7. DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2020.104482
deWall, J.S. and Smits, R.M.M. (1988). Prediction of Reservoir Compaction and Surface Subsidence: Field Application of A New Model. SPE Formation Evaluation, June vol. 3 No. 2, pp: 347 – 356. DOI: 10.2118/14214-PA.
Farahani, M., Aghaei, H., Saki, M., and Asadolahpour, S.R. (2022) Prediction of Pore Volume Compressibility by A Non-linear Equation in Carbonate Reservoirs. Energy Geoscience 3, pp: 290 – 299. DOI: 10.1016/j.engeos.2022.04.005.
Fardiansyah, I., Budiman, A., and Prasetyadi, C. (2010). Identifying Rock Compressibility Influence on Delta Facies at Simpang Pasir Area, Samarinda Seberang, Kutei basin and Its Relation to Reservoir Characterization. Paper IPA 10-SG-11, Proceeding, Indonesian Petroleum Association 34th Annual Convention and Exhibition, May.
Fatt, I. (1958). Volume Compressibilities of Sandstone Reservoir Rocks. J. Pet. Tech., March Vol 10 No. 3, pp: 64 – 66. DOI: 10.2118/970-G.
Fetkovich, M.J., Reese, D.E, and Whitson, C.H. (1991) Application of A General Material Balance for High-pressure Gas Reservoirs. SPE paper #22921, presented at 66th Technical Annual Conference and Exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, Dalas – Texas, October 6 – 9. DOI: 10.2118/22921-PA.
Folk, R.L. (1954) The Distinction Between Grain Size And Mineral Composition In Sedimentary-Rock Nomenclature. The Journal of Geology Vol. 62 No. 4, pp: 344 – 360. DOI: pdf/10.1086/626171
Geertsma, J. (1957). The Effect of Fluid Pressure Decline on Volumetric Changes of Porous Rocks. Petroleum Transaction AIME 210, pp: 331 – 340. DOI: 10.2118/728-G
Geertsma, J. (1973). Land Subsidence Above Compacting Oil and Gas Reservoirs. J. Pet. Tech., vol. 25 no. 6, June, pp: 734 – 744. DOI: 10.2118/3730-PA
Gutierrex, M. and Lewis, R.W. (1998). The Role of Geomechanics in reservoir Simulations. SPE Paper #47392, presented at the SPE/ISRM Rock Mechanics in Petroleum Engineering, 8 – 10 July, Trondheim – Norway. DOI: 10.2118/47392-MS
Hall, H.N. (1953). Compressibility of Reservoir Rocks. J. Pet. Tech., January Vol. 5 No. 1, pp: 17 – 19. DOI: 10.2118/953309-G
Harari, Z., Wang, T.W., and Saner, S. (1995). Pore-Compressibility Study of Arabian Carbonate Reservoir Rocks. SPE Formation Evaluation, Desember, Vol. 10 No. 4, pp: 207 – 214. DOI: 10.2118/27625-PA
Horne, R.N. (1995). Modern Well test Analysis: A Computer Aided Approach. Petroway Publisher, 2nd edition, p: 257.
Li, C., Chen., X., and Du, Z. (2004). A New Relationship of Rock Compressibility with Porosity. SPE Paper #88464, presented at the SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, 18-20 October, Perth – Australia. DOI: 10.2118/88464-MS
Liu, H.H., Rutqvist, J., and Berryman, J.G. (2009). On the Relationship Between Stress and Elastic Strain for Porous and Fractured Rocks. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Vol. 46 (2), pp: 289 – 296. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.04.005
Myers, M.T and Hatton, L.A. (2011). Prediction of Rock Properties In the Gulf of Mexico. American Rock Mechanics Association Paper #11-353, presented at the 45th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium, June 26 - 29, San Francisco – California, USA.
Newman, G.H. (1973). Pore-Volume Compressibility of Consolidated, Friable, and Unconsolidated Reservoir Rocks Under Hydrostatic Loading. J. Pet.Tech., January Vol.25 No.2, pp: 129 – 134. DOI: 10.2118/3835-PA
Packham, G.H. (1954) Sedimentary Structures As An Important Factor in the Classification of Sandstones. American Journal of Science, 252(8), pp: 466 – 476.
Pathak, P., Wirya, S.I., Catanzano, M.A., Prickett, D., and Mangunsong, D.T.M (2007). Impact of Rock Compaction on NSO Gas Field Performance. Paper #11238, presented at the International Petroleum Conference, 4 – 6 December, Dubai – UAE. DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.147.iptc11238
Pinzon, C.L., Chen, H.Y., and Teufel, L.W. (2001). Numerical Well Test Analysis of Stress-sensitive Reservoirs. SPE Paper #71034, presented at the SPE Rocky Mountain Petroleum Technical Conference, 21 – 23 May, Keystone – Colorado. DOI: 10.2118/71034-MS
Ruddy, I., Andersen, M.A., Pattillo, P.D., Bishlawi, M., and Foged, N. (1989). Rock Compressibility, Compaction, and Subsidence in A High-porosity Chalk Reservoir: A Case Study of Valhall Field. J. Pet. Tech., vol. 41 no. 7, July, pp: 741 – 746. DOI: 10.2118/18278-PA
Ruistuen, H., Teufel., L.W., and Rhett., D. (1999). Reservoir Stress Path on Deformation and Permeability of Weakly-cemented Sandstone Reservoirs. SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering, June vol. 2 no.3, pp: 266 – 272. DOI: 10.2118/56989-PA
Satter, A., Iqbal, G.M., and Buchwalter, J.L. (2007). Practical Enhanced Reservoir Engineering. PennWell Corporation, 1421 South Sheridan Road, Tulsa – Oklahoma 74112 – 6600 USA, p: 688. DOI:
Sulak, A.M. and Danielsen, J. (1988). Reservoir Aspects of Ekofisk Subsidence. SPE Paper #5618, presented at the Offshore Technology Conference, 2 – 5 May, Houston – TX. DOI: 10.4043/5618-MS
Tan, Y., Pan, Z., Feng, T., Zhang, D., Connell, L.D., and Li, S. (2019) Laboratory Characterization of Fracture Compressibility for Coal and Shale Gas Reservoir Rocks: A Review. International Journal of Coal Geology, 204, pp: 1 – 17. DOI: 10.1016/j.coal.2019.01.010.
Teeuw, D. (1971). Prediction of Formation Compaction from Laboratory Compressibility Data. SPE J. 11 (03): 263–271. DOI: 10.2118/2973-PA.
Thomas, J.B. (1978) Diagenetic Sequences in Low-permeability Argillaceous Sandstones. Journal of The Geological Society, 135, pp: 93 – 99. DOI: 10.1144/gsjgs.135.1.0093
Tiab, D. and Donaldson, E.C. (2016) Petrophysics – Theory and Practice of Measuring Reservoir Rock and Fluid Transport Properties. Fourth edition, ISBN 978-0-12-803188-9, Gulf Professional Publishing – Elsevier Inc., Chapter 9 pp: 483 – 582.
Tran, D., Settari, A., and Nghiem, L. (2004). New Itterative Coupling Between A Reservoir Simulator and A Geomechanics Module. SPE Journal, September vol. 9 no.3, pp: 362 – 369. DOI: 10.2118/88989-PA
Widarsono, B. (2009). Pengaruh Dari Kompresibilitas Rekahan Pada Estimasi Volume Awal Gas di Tempat (Influence of Fracture Compressibility in the Estimation of Initial Gas in Place). (in Bahasa Indonesia). Lembaran Publikasi LEMIGAS, Vol. 43, No. 1, April, pp: 59 - 64. DOI: 10.29017/LPMGB.43.1.128.
Widarsono, B. (2014) The Rock Compressibility Characteristics of Some Indonesian Reservoir Limestones. Scientific Contribution Oil & Gas, Vol. 37 No.1 April, pp: 1 – 14. DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.37.1.615.
Yale, D.P., Nabor, G.W., Russell, J.A., Pham, H.D., and Yousef, M. (1993). Application of Variable Formation Compressibility for Improved reservoir Analysis. SPE Paper #26647, presented at the 68th Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, 3 – 6 October, Houston – TX. DOI: 10.2118/26647-MS
Zhu, S., Du, Z., Li, C., You, Z., Peng, X. and Deng, P. (2018) An Analytical Model for Pore Volume Compressibility of Reservoir Rocks. Fuel 232, pp: 543 – 549. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.165
Zimmerman, R.W. (1991). Compressibility of Sandstones. Development in Petroleum Science 29, Elsevier Science Publisher BV, Saraburgerharstraat 25 PO Box 211, !000 AE Amsterdam – Netherlands, p: 182.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 © Copyright by Authors. Published by LEMIGAS

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors are free to Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms, under the following terms Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.









