PEMANFAATAN NERACA POPULASI FASA DISPERSI DALAM EVALUASI EKSTRAKSI CAIR-CAIR PADA KOLOM ISIAN (Utilizing of Population Balance of Dispersion Phase in Evaluation of Liquid-Liquid Extraction in Packed Column)
Sari
Ekstraksi cair-cair adalah metode pemisahan dengan memanfaatkan perbedaan kelarutan komponen dari suatu larutan ke pelarut lain. Ekstraksi cair-cair diaplikasikan pada sistem kolom isian pada indistri kimia untuk menghilangkan sulfur, lilin, resin, serta senyawa aromatik pada pengolahan minyak, isolasi vitamin dalam indutri farmasi, pengambilan gliserida dari minyak nabati, pertambangan, dan pengolahan limbah. Pada aplikasi tersebut, kolom ekstraksi cair-cair dirancang menggunakan korelasi hidrodinamika yang mengasumsikan bahwa distribusi fasa dispersi di sepanjang kolom adalah seragam dan berperilaku sebagai gelembung tunggal. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan suatu neraca populasi yang menyatakan perubahan dan distribusi gelembung dalam suatu ruang dan waktu. Aplikasi neraca populasi digunakan untuk memperoleh jumlah tahap (Number of Transfer Unit) dan tinggi tiap tahap (Height of Transfer Unit) dari suatu kolom isian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa neraca populasi dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan fenomena ketidakhomogenan ukuran (diameter) gelembung di sepanjang kolom isian pada ekstraksi cair-cair untuk mengevaluasi unjuk kerja (performance) kolom isian. Disamping itu, dapat digunakan sebagai model matematika dalam evaluasi unjuk kerja kolom isian sehingga estimasi nilai konsentrasi di setiap posisi dan waktu di sepanjang kolom isian lebih sesuai dengan fenomena sebenarnya.
Liquid-liquid extraction is a separation method that utilizes the solubility difference of the components in the solution. The application of liquid-liquid extraction in industry include removal of sulfur, wax, resin, and aromatic compounds in oil treatment, vitamin isolation in pharmaceutical industry, glyceride removal from vegetable oil, mining and waste treatment. In those application, the liquid-liquid extraction column is designed using a hydrodynamic correlation which assumes that the distribution of the dispersion phases along the columns is uniform and behaves as a single bubble. The purposes of this study is to develop a population balance that describes the bubbles distribution and to obtain the more real conditions of Number of Transfer Unit and the Height of Transfer Unit of a packed column. The results indicate that the population balance can be used to explain the phenomenon of the homogeneity of the bubble size along the packed column and to evaluate the performance of the column in the liquid-liquid extraction. In addition, it can be used as a mathematical model so that the concentration value at each position and time along the column is more appropriate to the actual value.Kata Kunci
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29017/LPMGB.51.2.23
