Peningkatan Sifat Alir dan Stabilitas Oksidasi Biodiesel dengan Proses Hidrogenasi Parsial (Bagian I): Penggunaan Ni-Al2O3 Sebagai Katalis
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Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar nabati sebagai substitusi minyak diesel/solar yang menjanjikan. Namun masih ada permasalahan dalam hal mutu seperti kestabilan oksidasi dan sifat alirnya yaitu titik tuang dan titik kabut yang sangat penting dalam utilisasi secara komersial. Karakteristik tersebut sangat tergantung pada komponen bahan bakunya yang mengandung asam lemak tak-jenuh.yang mudah teroksidasi membentuk polimer-polimer serta pengaruh kondisi lingkungannya. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ketidak stabilan produk biodiesel, konsentrasi asam lemak tak jenuh perlu diturunkan melalui proses hidrogenasi parsial dengan bantuan katalis nikel (Ni) berpenyangga (support) alumina (Al2O3). Proses hidrogenasi parsial dilakukan dengan sistem reaktor autoclave berpengaduk dengan temperatur 80oC dan tekanan atmosfir. Karakteristik stabilitas oksidasi dapat meningkat untuk memenuhi spesifikasi yang ditentukan (>10 jam), juga sifat alirnya meningkat secara signifikan dengan penggunaan katalis nikel tersebut.
Biodiesel is vegetable fuel as promising fuel for substituted diesel oil. However it has some problems for its fuel quality such as oxidation stability and flowing characteristics that is pour point and cloud point, which are very important in commercial utilization. Such characteristics depend on the components that contained in the feedstock such as unsaturated fatty acids which easier oxidised to form polymer and its environment conditions. In order to solve the problem of unstable biodiesel product, the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids should be reduced by partial hydrogenation processing with Nickel (Ni) supported on alumina (Al2O3) as catalyst. Partial hydrogenation processing was conducted by autoclave stirred reactor with temperature 80oC and atmosperic pressure. Characteristic of oxidation stability increase to meet the specification (>10 hours), also flowing characteristics increase significantly by using such catalyst.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29017/LPMGB.47.2.224
